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什么是中风？ 

当为大脑输送氧气和营养的血管破裂或被血凝块阻塞，就会发生中风。1 

这会导致部分大脑的血液供应中断。这会损害或破坏脑细胞，从而影响身体机能。1 

中风是一种医疗紧急情况。因此，识别其症状并立即接受治疗是至关重要的。 

中风时必须立即行动 F.A.S.T. 3 

一项简单的测试可以帮您辨别某人是否曾经中风过。

F

面部无力 

他可以笑吗？他的嘴巴或眼睛是否出现下垂？ 

A

手臂无力 

他可以举起双手臂吗？ 

S

言语障碍 

他说话口齿清楚并能听懂你说的话吗？ 

T

时间 

如果您发现以上任何迹象，请立即拨打 999呼叫救护车。 

每分每秒都非常关键，所以必须立即行动 F.A.S.T.  呼叫救护车以马上将患者直接送去急诊室，可以为患者带来重大不同的结果。
为中风患者进行急救不但可以救他一命，也能大幅度的降低，他因中风所导致的伤残不便

Having a stroke

中风症状包括：4,5 

  • 身体一侧麻木、虚弱或瘫痪 
  • 口齿不清、难以表达或听不懂别人的话
  • 意识混乱
  • 一只或两只眼睛出现视觉问题 
  • 失去平衡 - 无法单脚站立
  • 剧烈头痛

大脑的右半部分控制身体的左侧，反之亦然。例如，左臂瘫痪可能是由右脑中风引起的。6 

对于大多数人来说，左脑控制语言。7,8 右脑控制感知技能和空间技能。8 

Having a stroke

中风分为主要两种类型。9 

  1. 1. 缺血性中风： 

    2. 超过 80% 的中风是由向大脑供血的动脉阻塞引起的。这被称为缺血性中风。9,10 它是由以下原因引起的： 

    在通往大脑的主要血管（动脉）中形成的血凝块。这被称为脑血栓形成。在动脉粥样硬化（动脉硬化）的情况下已经变窄的动脉中形成血凝块。10,11 

    动脉粥样硬化导致脂肪物质沿着动脉内壁堆积，使它们变窄，流经它们的血液更容易凝结。10,11 

    动脉粥样硬化的生活方式风险因素包括胆固醇异常、吸烟、高血压、糖尿病、肥胖和缺乏运动。11 

    可能在身体其他部位形成的部分血凝块，通过血流进入大脑并滞留在动脉中。这是栓塞性中风。12 

    发生在大脑深处的微小血管中的阻塞。这是腔隙性中风。13 

  2. 2. 出血性中风： 

    3. 高达 20% 的中风案例是由血管破裂导致脑部出血引起的。这被称为出血性中风，具有高发病率及高死亡率。15 

参考：  1. American Stroke Association. About Stroke. Available at: https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke. Accessed on March 2022. 2. MayoClinic. Stroke. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/symptoms-causes/syc-20350113. Accessed on April 2022. 3. Irish Heart Foundation. When Stroke Strikes Act FAST. Available at: https://irishheart.ie/campaigns/fast/f-a-s-t/. Accessed on April 2022. 4. American Stroke Foundation. Stroke Symptoms. Available at: https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/stroke-symptoms. Accessed on April 2022. 5. WebMD. The Warning Signs of Stroke. Available at: https://www.webmd.com/stroke/guide/signs-of-stroke. Accessed on April 2022. 6. American Stroke Association. Effects of Stroke. Available at: https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/effects-of-stroke. Accessed on April 2022. 7. WebMD. The Difference Between the Left and Right Brain. Available at: https://www.webmd.com/brain/the-difference-between-the-left-and-right-brain#:~:text=The%20brain%20is%20divided%20into,segmented%20into%20regions%20called%20lobes. Accessed on April 2022. 8. BCcampus. 4.2 Our Brains Control Our Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviour. Available at: https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontopsychology/chapter/3-2-our-brains-control-our-thoughts-feelings-and-behavior/. Accessed on April 2022. 9. Boehme AK, et al. Circ Res 2017;120(3):472-495. 10. American Stroke Association. Ischaemic Stroke (Clots). Available at: https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/types-of-stroke/ischemic-stroke-clots. Accessed on April 2022. 11. WebMD. How Atherosclerosis Causes Half of All Strokes. Available at: https://www.webmd.com/stroke/guide/how-artherosclerosis-causes-50-percent-of-strokes. Accessed on April 2022. 12. Healthline. Embolic Stroke. Available at: https://www.healthline.com/health/stroke/embolic-stroke-symptoms#:~:text=A%20cerebral%20embolism%20(often%20referred,narrow%20to%20let%20it%20pass. Accessed on April 2022. 13. Healthline. Lacunar Infarct (Lacunar Stroke). Available at: https://www.healthline.com/health/lacunar-stroke-symptoms#:~:text=Lacunar%20stroke%20is%20a%20type,brain%20are%20called%20ischemic%20strokes. Accessed on April 2022. 14. UpToDate. Patient education: Hemorrhagic stroke treatment (Beyond the Basics). Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hemorrhagic-stroke-treatment-beyond-the-basics. Accessed on April 2022. 15. Unnithan AKA, Mehta P. Hemorrhagic Stroke. [Updated 2022 Feb 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559173/. Accessed on April 2022.